En Windows tenemos programas como el Everest que nos dan muchísima información sobre el hardware de nuestro ordenador. En Ubuntu, tenemos el Monitor del sistema que nos da una información básica sobre los componentes de nuestro ordenador, pero hay momentos en los que necesitamos saber mas.
También tenemos otros programas que por defecto no vienen instalados en nuestro sistema operativo pero nos pueden ayudar a saber los componentes de nuestro ordenador, como Ubuntu Tweak o Ailurus.
Como sabéis, en Linux la Terminal es muy potente o podemos hacer prácticamente todo desde ella. Os dejo aquí un par de comandos muy completos.
El primero sirve para saber todas las características de nuestro ordenador:
- sudo lshw
Como ejemplo, mi terminal saca por pantalla lo siguiente;
product: AMD Phenom(tm) II X6 1055T Processor
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
physical id: 4
bus info: cpu@0
version: AMD Phenom(tm) II X6 1055T Processor
slot: Socket M2
size: 2800MHz
capacity: 3200MHz
width: 64 bits
clock: 200MHz
capabilities: fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp x86-64 3dnowext 3dnow constant_tsc rep_good nonstop_tsc extd_apicid aperfmperf pni monitor cx16 popcnt lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt cpb npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save cpufreq
*-cache:0
description: L1 cache
physical id: a
slot: Internal Cache
size: 128KiB
capacity: 128KiB
capabilities: synchronous internal write-back
*-cache:1
description: L3 cache
physical id: c
slot: External Cache
size: 512KiB
capacity: 512KiB
capabilities: synchronous internal write-back
*-cache
description: L1 cache
physical id: b
slot: Internal Cache
size: 128KiB
capacity: 128KiB
capabilities: synchronous internal write-back
*-memory
description: System Memory
physical id: 24
slot: System board or motherboard
size: 4GiB
*-bank:0
description: DIMM 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
physical id: 0
slot: A0
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
*-bank:1
description: DIMM 400 MHz (2.5 ns) [empty]
physical id: 1
slot: A1
width: 64 bits
clock: 400MHz (2.5ns)
*-bank:2
description: DIMM 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) [empty]
physical id: 2
slot: A2
width: 64 bits
clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
*-bank:3
description: DIMM 400 MHz (2.5 ns) [empty]
physical id: 3
slot: A3
width: 64 bits
clock: 400MHz (2.5ns)
*-pci:0
description: Host bridge
product: RX780/RX790 Chipset Host Bridge
vendor: ATI Technologies Inc
physical id: 100
bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0
version: 00
width: 64 bits
clock: 66MHz
configuration: latency=32
resources: memory:0-1fffffff
*-pci:0
description: PCI bridge
product: RD790 PCI to PCI bridge (external gfx0 port A)
vendor: ATI Technologies Inc
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pm pciexpress msi ht normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:40 ioport:e000(size=4096) memory:f8000000-fbffffff ioport:d0000000(size=268435456)
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: G96 [GeForce 9500 GT]
vendor: nVidia Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
version: a1
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0
resources: irq:18 memory:fa000000-faffffff memory:d0000000-dfffffff memory:f8000000-f9ffffff ioport:ef00(size=128) memory:fb000000-fb07ffff
*-pci:1
description: PCI bridge
product: RD790 PCI to PCI bridge (PCI express gpp port F)
vendor: ATI Technologies Inc
physical id: a
bus info: pci@0000:00:0a.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pm pciexpress msi ht normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:41 ioport:d000(size=4096) memory:fdc00000-fdcfffff ioport:fdf00000(size=1048576)
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller
vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
logical name: eth0
version: 03
serial: 1c:6f:65:48:f6:fe
size: 10MB/s
capacity: 1GB/s
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=half latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=MII speed=10MB/s
resources: irq:42 ioport:de00(size=256) memory:fdfff000-fdffffff memory:fdff8000-fdffbfff memory:fdf00000-fdf1ffff
*-storage
description: SATA controller
product: SB700/SB800 SATA Controller [IDE mode]
vendor: ATI Technologies Inc
physical id: 11
bus info: pci@0000:00:11.0
logical name: scsi0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: storage pm ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list emulated
configuration: driver=ahci latency=32
resources: irq:22 ioport:ff00(size=8) ioport:fe00(size=4) ioport:fd00(size=8) ioport:fc00(size=4) ioport:fb00(size=16) memory:fe02f000-fe02f3ff
*-disk
description: ATA Disk
product: ST3320820AS
vendor: Seagate
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
version: 3.AA
serial: 9QF1CM6S
size: 298GiB (320GB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=00000001
*-volume:0
description: Windows NTFS volume
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1
logical name: /dev/sda1
version: 3.1
serial: 2647406d-dea1-8740-ae3b-edb28a9e8ce2
size: 146GiB
capacity: 146GiB
capabilities: primary bootable ntfs initialized
configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2010-11-11 17:52:04 filesystem=ntfs state=clean
*-volume:1
description: Extended partition
physical id: 2
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2
logical name: /dev/sda2
size: 151GiB
capacity: 151GiB
capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended
*-logicalvolume:0
description: Linux filesystem partition
physical id: 5
logical name: /dev/sda5
logical name: /
capacity: 55GiB
configuration: mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,barrier=1,data=ordered state=mounted
*-logicalvolume:1
description: Linux swap / Solaris partition
physical id: 6
logical name: /dev/sda6
capacity: 3814MiB
capabilities: nofs
*-logicalvolume:2
description: Linux filesystem partition
physical id: 7
logical name: /dev/sda7
logical name: /home
capacity: 92GiB
configuration: mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered state=mounted
*-usb:0
description: USB Controller
product: SB700/SB800 USB OHCI0 Controller
vendor: ATI Technologies Inc
physical id: 12
bus info: pci@0000:00:12.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ohci bus_master
configuration: driver=ohci_hcd latency=32
resources: irq:16 memory:fe02e000-fe02efff
*-usb:1
description: USB Controller
product: SB700 USB OHCI1 Controller
vendor: ATI Technologies Inc
physical id: 12.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:12.1
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ohci bus_master
configuration: driver=ohci_hcd latency=32
resources: irq:16 memory:fe02d000-fe02dfff
*-usb:2
description: USB Controller
product: SB700/SB800 USB EHCI Controller
vendor: ATI Technologies Inc
physical id: 12.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:12.2
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=32
resources: irq:17 memory:fe02c000-fe02c0ff
*-usb:3
description: USB Controller
product: SB700/SB800 USB OHCI0 Controller
vendor: ATI Technologies Inc
physical id: 13
bus info: pci@0000:00:13.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ohci bus_master
configuration: driver=ohci_hcd latency=32
resources: irq:18 memory:fe02b000-fe02bfff
*-usb:4
description: USB Controller
product: SB700 USB OHCI1 Controller
vendor: ATI Technologies Inc
physical id: 13.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:13.1
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ohci bus_master
configuration: driver=ohci_hcd latency=32
resources: irq:18 memory:fe02a000-fe02afff
*-usb:5
description: USB Controller
product: SB700/SB800 USB EHCI Controller
vendor: ATI Technologies Inc
physical id: 13.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:13.2
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=32
resources: irq:19 memory:fe029000-fe0290ff
*-serial UNCLAIMED
description: SMBus
product: SBx00 SMBus Controller
vendor: ATI Technologies Inc
physical id: 14
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.0
version: 3c
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ht cap_list
configuration: latency=0
*-ide
description: IDE interface
product: SB700/SB800 IDE Controller
vendor: ATI Technologies Inc
physical id: 14.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.1
logical name: scsi4
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ide msi bus_master cap_list emulated
configuration: driver=pata_atiixp latency=32
resources: irq:16 ioport:1f0(size=8) ioport:3f6 ioport:170(size=8) ioport:376 ioport:fa00(size=16)
*-cdrom
description: DVD writer
product: DVD8801
vendor: PHILIPS
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@4:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/cdrom
logical name: /dev/cdrw
logical name: /dev/dvd
logical name: /dev/dvdrw
logical name: /dev/scd0
logical name: /dev/sr0
version: NW02
capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r
configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc
*-disk
description: ATA Disk
product: ST3160021A
vendor: Seagate
physical id: 0.1.0
bus info: scsi@4:0.1.0
logical name: /dev/sdb
version: 3.04
serial: 5JS19W65
size: 149GiB (160GB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=000e5446
*-volume
description: Windows FAT volume
vendor: mkdosfs
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@4:0.1.0,1
logical name: /dev/sdb1
version: FAT32
serial: efee-7bf1
size: 149GiB
capacity: 149GiB
capabilities: primary fat initialized
configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat
*-multimedia
description: Audio device
product: SBx00 Azalia (Intel HDA)
vendor: ATI Technologies Inc
physical id: 14.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.2
version: 00
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=HDA Intel latency=32
resources: irq:16 memory:fe024000-fe027fff
*-isa
description: ISA bridge
product: SB700/SB800 LPC host controller
vendor: ATI Technologies Inc
physical id: 14.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.3
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: isa bus_master
configuration: latency=0
*-pci:2
description: PCI bridge
product: SBx00 PCI to PCI Bridge
vendor: ATI Technologies Inc
physical id: 14.4
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.4
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pci subtractive_decode bus_master vga_palette
resources: ioport:c000(size=4096) memory:fde00000-fdefffff memory:fdd00000-fddfffff
*-firewire
description: FireWire (IEEE 1394)
product: TSB43AB23 IEEE-1394a-2000 Controller (PHY/Link)
vendor: Texas Instruments
physical id: e
bus info: pci@0000:03:0e.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm ohci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=firewire_ohci latency=32 maxlatency=4 mingnt=2
resources: irq:22 memory:fdeff000-fdeff7ff memory:fdef8000-fdefbfff
*-usb:6
description: USB Controller
product: SB700/SB800 USB OHCI2 Controller
vendor: ATI Technologies Inc
physical id: 14.5
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.5
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ohci bus_master
configuration: driver=ohci_hcd latency=32
resources: irq:18 memory:fe028000-fe028fff
*-pci:1
description: Host bridge
product: Family 10h Processor HyperTransport Configuration
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
physical id: 101
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:2
description: Host bridge
product: Family 10h Processor Address Map
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
physical id: 102
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.1
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:3
description: Host bridge
product: Family 10h Processor DRAM Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
physical id: 103
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.2
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:4
description: Host bridge
product: Family 10h Processor Miscellaneous Control
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
physical id: 104
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.3
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
configuration: driver=k10temp
resources: irq:0
*-pci:5
description: Host bridge
product: Family 10h Processor Link Control
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
physical id: 105
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.4
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-scsi:0
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@2:2
logical name: scsi6
capabilities: emulated scsi-host
configuration: driver=usb-storage
*-disk
description: SCSI Disk
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@6:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sdc
size: 298GiB (320GB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: signature=000a8d20
*-volume
description: Windows NTFS volume
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@6:0.0.0,1
logical name: /dev/sdc1
logical name: /media/7B7A06276003C209
version: 3.1
serial: f86bb34e-3e9e-4bb0-b552-eeb87505070e
size: 298GiB
capacity: 298GiB
capabilities: primary ntfs initialized
configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2010-12-26 12:59:21 filesystem=ntfs mount.fstype=fuseblk mount.options=rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,blksize=4096 state=mounted
*-scsi:1
physical id: 2
bus info: usb@3:3
logical name: scsi7
capabilities: emulated scsi-host
configuration: driver=usb-storage
*-disk
description: SCSI Disk
product: photosmart 7700
vendor: HP
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@7:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sdd
version: 1.00
capabilities: removable
configuration: ansiversion=2
*-medium
physical id: 0
logical name: /dev/sdd
*-network
description: Wireless interface
physical id: 1
logical name: wlan0
serial: 00:c0:ca:36:71:79
capabilities: ethernet physical wireless
configuration: broadcast=yes ip=192.168.1.3 multicast=yes wireless=Ralink
El segundo sirve para saber la memoria ram de nuestro ordenador, que modulos estamos usando, cuantos quedan libres, etc
- sudo dmidecode --type 17
Mi salida por pantalla es la siguiente;
david@david-sobremesa:~$ sudo dmidecode --type 17
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
Handle 0x0025, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0024
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 4096 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: A0
Bank Locator: Bank0/1
Type: Unknown
Type Detail: None
Speed: 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:
Handle 0x0026, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0024
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: A1
Bank Locator: Bank2/3
Type: Unknown
Type Detail: None
Speed: 400 MHz (2.5 ns)
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:
Handle 0x0027, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0024
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: A2
Bank Locator: Bank4/5
Type: Unknown
Type Detail: None
Speed: 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:
Handle 0x0028, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0024
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: A3
Bank Locator: Bank6/7
Type: Unknown
Type Detail: None
Speed: 400 MHz (2.5 ns)
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:
Espero que os hayan sido muy útiles. Este par de comandos para cuando queremos ampliar nuestro pc vienen de lujo
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